High-resolution mapping of H4K16 and H3K23 acetylation reveals conserved and unique distribution patterns in Arabidopsis and rice

Our data further revealed that while genes enriched with both H4K16ac and H3K23ac are ubiquitously expressed, genes enriched with only H4K16ac or H3K23ac showed significantly distinct expression patterns in association with particular developmental stages. Unexpectedly, and unlike in Arabidopsis , there are significant levels of both H4K16ac and H3K23ac in the lowly expressed genes in rice. Furthermore, we found that H4K16ac-enriched genes are associated with different biological processes in Arabidopsis and rice, suggesting a potentially species-specific role of H4K16ac in plants.

Together, our genome-wide profiling reveals the conserved and unique distribution patterns of H4K16ac and H3K23ac in Arabidopsis and rice and provides a foundation for further understanding their function in plants.