MaNGA DynPop. VII. Circular velocity curves

We derive circular velocity curves (CVCs) from stellar dynamical models for ~6000 nearby galaxies in the final data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV MaNGA survey with integral-field spectroscopy, exploring connections between the inner gravitational potential (traced by CVC amplitude/shape) and galaxy properties. The maximum circular velocity (V_circ_^max^) and circular velocity at the half-light radius (V_circ_(Re^maj^)) both scale linearly with the stellar second velocity moment {sigma}_e_^2^=<V^2^+{sigma}^2^> within the half-light isophote, following V_circ_^max^~1.72{sigma}_e_ (7% error) and V_circ_(Re^maj^)~1.62{sigma}_e_ (7% error).

CVC shapes (rising, flat, declining) correlate strongly with structural and stellar population properties: declining curves dominate in massive, early-type, bulge-dominated galaxies with old, metal-rich stars and early quenching, while rising CVCs prevail in disk-dominated systems with younger stellar populations and ongoing star formation. Using a unified bulge-disk-halo model, we predict CVC shapes with minimal bias, identifying three governing parameters: bulge-to-total mass ratio (B/T), dark matter fraction within Re, and bulge Sersic index.