Framework-Integrated Sn(IV) Organometallic Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticles Directed by Bioactive Cilastatin–DHA for Colorectal Cancer Nanotherapy

In vitro biological assays performed in the HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line and non-tumorigenic fibroblast demonstrated that these Cil-DHA@Sn(IV)@MODs reduced cell viability more effectively in tumour cells, indicating preferential cytotoxicity toward the malignant phenotype. Furthermore, they promoted intracellular uptake, increased oxidative stress, in addition to impaired cell migration. In zebrafish embryo xenograft model, in vivo treatment with Cil-DHA@Sn(IV)@MODs reduced tumour-associated fluorescence at later time points.

Overall, this work establishes a multifunctional framework-integrated organometallic mesoporous organosilica nanosystem in which the Sn(IV) complex is directly incorporated into the three-dimensional architecture of the material, while the bioactive DSDA directs mesostructured formation and confers biomedical functionality.