Supplementary file 1_From belief to resilience: mapping the longitudinal path of Traditional Paranormal Belief through optimism and Mental Toughness.docx

However, the mechanisms through which PB relates to positive psychological functioning remain unclear. Noting this, the present study examined whether Traditional Paranormal Belief (TPB) and New Age Philosophy (NAP) influenced stress and well-being indirectly via optimism and Mental Toughness.</p>Method<p>The study used a multiple time point design. 1,032 United Kingdom adults were assessed across three waves spaced four to 6 weeks apart.

Participants completed measures of PB (TPB, NAP), optimism, Mental Toughness, perceived stress, and hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being. Using longitudinal path analysis with bootstrapped indirect effects, analysis tested two three-wave autoregressive mediation models.</p>Results<p>TPB (not NAP) predicted outcomes indirectly through a sequential pathway involving optimism and Mental Toughness. Specifically, TPB was associated with lower stress and higher hedonic well-being via these mediators.