Twin_Transition_Mixed_Methods_Data

The quantitative phase utilizes partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the relationships among artificial intelligence capability (AIC), human-in-the-loop engagement (HITL), digital sustainability (DS), and Bio-Circular-Green (BCG) model alignment.

The empirical findings indicate that technical AIC alone has a weak direct effect on DS, but generates substantial ecological outcomes when channeled through HITL governance acting as both a primary mediator and a positive moderator. Qualitative reflexive thematic analysis across 18 key informants further explains that unmanaged AI deployment leads to digital rebound effects, where surface-level efficiencies are negated by hidden cloud energy demands and data accumulation.