<p>Dataset for the MDR TB surge.</p>

Of 509 TB patients identified, 70.9%(n = 360) were bacteriologically confirmed by Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra among whom 92.8%(n = 336) were eligible for reflex Xpert MTB/XDR testing. Of the eligible, 89.3% (n = 313) underwent reflex Xpert MTB/XDR testing. Results were successfully retrieved for 282 (90.1%).

Overall, 8.5%(n = 24) of patients with XDR results had a form of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Mono-resistance to rifampicin (3.5%, n = 10) or isoniazid (3.2%, n = 9) was more prevalent than multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (1.1%, n = 3), while only 0.4% (n = 1) had Pre-XDR TB. Non-rifampicin resistant drug-resistance, including isoniazid mono-resistance and isoniazid combined with fluoroquinolone or ethionamide resistance, were detected in 3.2% (n = 9) of all patients with XDR TB results (37.5% of all DR-TB cases).

Reflex Xpert MTB/XDR testing enabled rapid identification of non-rifampicin-resistance drug-resistant TB cases that would have been missed by rifampicin-centric diagnostics. Strengthening the integration of MTB/XDR into routine diagnostic algorithms can improve early drug-resistant tuberculosis detection, guide individualized treatment, and prevent amplification of resistance in high-burden settings.</p></div>