Ecological novelty induced by climate change - Supplementary Data

References are further sorted by article type and biome. Tags represent keywords found across multiple articles. Supplementary Table 2.

Examples of ecological novelty arising from climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. These measures can lead to the self-assembly of novel ecosystems as an unintended consequence (novelty as outcome) or novel elements can be intentionally introduced with various levels of continued intervention, up to designed ecosystems subject to ongoing management. Category 1: Novel ecosystems arise as an unintended consequence of climate change adaptation and mitigation actions.

Category 2: Novel elements are intentionally introduced, but ecosystems are left to organize without intervention. Category 3: Designed ecosystems are “abandoned” and reorganize into self-sustaining novel ecosystems. Category 4: Novelty informs ecosystem design and ongoing management.