Dataset of crop yield, fertilizer input, and plant nutrients in typical long-term monitoring plots of the red soil hilly region: a case study of Yingtan Station, Jiangxi Province, China (2005–2015)

Peanut and rice are representative crops of the red soil dryland and paddy field systems, respectively, in the southern hilly region. Systematic monitoring of their fertilization practices, yield performance, and nutrient status can strongly support high-quality agricultural development locally. This study utilized the long-term red soil dryland and paddy field observation plots established in 2005 at the National Field Observation and Research Station of Agro-ecosystems in Yingtan, Jiangxi Province.

From 2005 to 2015, we systematically collected 22 datasets on crop planting patterns and 92 datasets on fertilization regimes. Additionally, we monitored 88 datasets on aboveground total dry weight and grain yield of crops, and determined 352 datasets on total carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium contents in crop tissues (stems and leaves, roots, grains, and shells). This dataset provides fundamental data for in-depth research on plant management strategies, crop yield formation, and nutrient cycling in red soil agro-ecosystems.