Growing Conducting Polymer Interconnections between Two Vertically Stacked Electrode Arrays

In this footage, the two plates are slightly shifted relative to each other to create a misaligned configuration (the openings on the cathode are quasi-equidistant to three openings on the anode). Openings are 100 µm diameter long and 300 µm distant from each other.

Conducting polymer dendrites can be seen growing from the openings on the bottom plate toward the openings on the top plate, electrically connecting them. The growth signal consists of 5 V unipolar pulses, with a frequency of 1 kHz. The growth solution contains 1 mM EmimOTf ions, 100 mM EDOT monomer, 100 mM benzoquinone in propylene carbonate.