Supplementary file 1_A bibliometric and visual analysis of research on echinocandin treatment for urinary tract infections based on VOSviewer and CiteSpace.docx

Additional bibliometric indicators including total citations, average citations per publication, H-index, citation density, and identification of influential journals were calculated.</p>Results<p>A total of 47 publications were included, with peaks in 2016 and 2025 (six each). The limited number of publications reflects the emerging nature of this research field and the ongoing debate regarding the role of echinocandins in UTI management.

The United States and Spain were leading contributors. Keyword analysis revealed a shift from early themes toward multidrug-resistant pathogens, particularly Candida auris, Candida glabrata, and multidrug resistance. Cluster analysis identified eight significant clusters Q = 0.755, S = 0.9196, focusing on candidate drugs, pathogen identification, and antifungal resistance mechanisms.</p>Conclusion<p>Research on echinocandins for UTIs remains limited but shows sustained interest.

The field has evolved toward multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens. Lack of robust clinical evidence remains a major barrier. Future studies should prioritize prospective clinical investigations and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluations.Robust prospective clinical studies and PK/PD evaluations remain essential to establish definitive therapeutic role.

We advocate for updated, evidence-based stewardship protocols that clearly define indications for echinocandin use in fluconazole-refractory UTIs.</p>