Results of the PMIP2 coupled simulations of the mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum - Part 2: Feedbacks with emphasis on the location of the ITCZ and mid- and high-latitude heat budgets

The vegetation feedback is however not as large as found in previous studies, probably due to model differences in the control simulation. Finally, we show that the feedback from snow and sea-ice at mid and high latitudes contributes for half of the cooling in the Northern Hemisphere for the LGM, with the remaining being achieved by the reduced CO₂ and water vapour in the atmosphere. For the MH the snow and albedo feedbacks strengthen the spring cooling and enhance the boreal summer warming, whereas water vapour reinforces the late summer warming.

These feedbacks are modest in the Southern Hemisphere. For the LGM most of the surface cooling is due to CO₂ and water vapour.