Data Sheet 1_Comparative efficacy of virtual reality interventions with varying immersion levels on upper limb motor function, hand dexterity, and independence in the daily life of stroke survivors: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.pdf

Compared with the control interventions, the virtual reality intervention improved upper limb motor function, enhanced hand dexterity, and enhanced independence in the daily life of stroke patients. With respect to upper limb motor function, immersive virtual reality was ranked the highest (SUCRA = 86.10%; SMD = 1.20; 95% CI: 0.33, 2.07), followed by semi-immersive virtual reality (SUCRA = 57.80%; SMD = 0.75; 95% CI: −0.35, 1.86) and nonimmersive virtual reality (SUCRA = 50.90%; SMD = 0.61; 95% CI: −0.15, 1.37).

Compared with nonimmersive virtual reality (SUCRA = 50.50%; SMD = 0.42; 95% CI: −0.03, 0.87) and semi-immersive virtual reality (SUCRA = 49.30%; SMD = 0.43; 95% CI: −0.21, 1.07), immersive virtual reality (SUCRA = 95.60%; SMD = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.40, 1.82) was the most effective intervention for hand dexterity. With respect to independence in daily life, immersive virtual reality was the most effective technology (SUCRA = 94.90%; SMD = 1.32; 95% CI: 0.46, 2.18), followed by nonimmersive virtual reality (SUCRA = 43.10%; SMD = 0.28; 95% CI: −0.91, 1.47) and semi-immersive virtual reality (SUCRA = 39.50%; SMD = 0.23; 95% CI: −1.00, 1.46).</p>Conclusion<p>Immersive virtual reality is the most effective treatment method for improving upper limb motor function, enhancing hand dexterity, and enhancing independence in the daily life of stroke patients.

In the future, clinicians should consider prioritizing immersive virtual reality as a primary modality for stroke rehabilitation exercises.</p>Systematic review registration<p>crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251114167, Identifier: CRD420251114167.</p>