Table · dataset · 2026
Table 9_Ecological reshaping of pediatric respiratory pathogen profiles after COVID-19-related non-pharmaceutical interventions were lifted: a 5-year interrupted time-series study.xlsx
Listed in figshare and Loughborough Research Repository — shown once because both records carry DOI 10.3389/fped.2026.1889078.s003
Background<p>COVID-19-related non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) disrupted the circulation of many respiratory pathogens.
Description
After these measures were lifted, pediatric respiratory pathogen activity may have changed in pathogen-specific ways. However, laboratory-based evidence using continuous multi-year data, interrupted time-series analysis, and contextual factors such as meteorology, air quality, and school calendars remains limited.</p>Methods<p>We conducted a single-center retrospective laboratory study of pediatric and neonatal inpatients aged 0–14 years with clinically diagnosed lower respiratory tract infection from January 2021 to December 2025.
After 7-day deduplication within the same child, 20,250 throat-swab testing records were included. The NPI period was January 2021–December 2022, and the post-NPI period was January 2023–December 2025. Thirteen pathogen categories were analyzed using period comparisons, interrupted time-series models, and multivariable logistic regression incorporating meteorological factors, air quality index, and school-term status.</p>Results<p>Overall positivity was higher in the post-NPI period than in the NPI period (75.4% vs. 58.8%), and co-detection was also higher in the post-NPI period (15.2% vs. 6.0%).
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Pathogen-specific interrupted time-series analysis showed heterogeneous patterns: human adenovirus showed a robust immediate level decrease (−13.00 percentage points; 95% CI, −20.13 to −5.87; FDR-adjusted P = 0.005), whereas human rhinovirus showed a significant positive trend change after the January 2023 interruption (+1.07 percentage points per month; 95% CI, 0.63–1.50; FDR-adjusted P < 0.001), with a positive post-NPI slope (+0.64 percentage points per month).
Higher temperature was associated with lower positivity of human respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A H1N1 (2009) virus, and influenza B virus, but higher positivity of human parainfluenza virus and human bocavirus. School-term status was associated with higher human rhinovirus positivity (aOR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.34–2.52; FDR-adjusted P = 0.002).</p>Conclusion<p>The NPI and post-NPI periods showed distinct and heterogeneous temporal patterns in pediatric respiratory pathogen detection.
These findings support integrated hospital-based laboratory surveillance centered on pathogen-specific temporal trends and interpreted alongside demographic, multi-pathogen, environmental, school-calendar, and longer-term temporal context.</p>
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Where it is published
- DOI doi.org/10.3389/fped.2026.1889078.s003 ↗
DOI / persistent id · from figshare com
Catalogue records · 1
- OAI-PMH record api.figshare.com/v2/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai%3Af… ↗
metadata API · from figshare com
Topics
- From keywords
- Astronomy & Astrophysics · Chemistry · Chemistry · Computer Science & AI · Computer Science & AI · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Economics & Finance · Economics & Finance · Engineering · Engineering · Foetal development and medicine · Foetal development and medicine · Humanities · Humanities · Life Sciences · Life Sciences · Materials Science · Mathematics & Statistics · Medicine & Health · Medicine & Health · Ocean & Atmospheric Science · Ocean & Atmospheric Science · Psychology & Behavioral Science · Social Science · Social Science
- Inferred from text
- Tabular 65%
Provenance · 2 source records, 32 field assertions
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|---|---|---|---|
| figshare | oai:figshare.com:article/33962410 | 9 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Loughborough Research Repository | oai:figshare.com:article/33962410 | 9 d ago | JSON v1 |
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