Data Sheet 1_Wild ginseng adventitious roots restore sleep homeostasis in sleep-deprived Drosophila melanogaster.docx

Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. has long been used to improve sleep quality; however, the limited availability and long cultivation cycle of natural ginseng restrict its sustainable utilization. Wild ginseng adventitious roots (ADV), produced via plant tissue culture, provide a renewable source of bioactive ginsenosides, although their potential role in sleep regulation remains poorly understood.</p>Methods<p>The sleep-promoting effects and safety of ADV were evaluated in a sleep deprivation-induced Drosophila melanogaster model.

Sleep parameters, including total sleep duration, sleep latency, deep sleep, and sleep fragmentation, were assessed, together with addiction-like behavioral assays. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. LC-MS/MS and bioactivity assays were conducted to identify and validate major active ginsenosides.</p>Results<p>ADV significantly improved sleep behavior in sleep-deprived flies, increasing total sleep duration and deep sleep while reducing sleep latency and sleep fragmentation, without inducing addiction-like behaviors.