Supplementary file 1_Estimated pulse wave velocity and risk of new-onset heart failure in ICU patients with acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter cohort study.docx

Background<p>To investigate the association between estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) and new-onset heart failure (HF) in ICU patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to evaluate its incremental predictive value.</p>Methods<p>ICU patients with AMI were identified from the eICU-CRD cohort, and an independent real-world ICU cohort was used for external validation. New-onset HF was the primary outcome. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the association between ePWV and new-onset HF across different time periods.

Restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to evaluate the dose-response relationship, and incremental value analysis was conducted to determine the added predictive value of ePWV beyond traditional risk models.</p>Results<p>In the eICU-CRD cohort, the incidence of new-onset HF was 10.2%. After full adjustment, each 1-unit increase in ePWV was associated with a 13% higher risk of in-hospital heart failure (HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.09–1.18, P < 0.001), and the high-ePWV group had a significantly increased risk (HR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.50–2.24, P < 0.001).