Physiologically relevant media are associated with overlapping metabolic responses in primary human hepatocytes and Huh7 cells

PHH and Huh7 cells were treated with 2% human serum and a combination of sugar and FAs enriched in either unsaturated (OPLA) or saturated (POLA) FAs for 4 or 7 days, respectively. Stable isotope tracers were utilized to investigate basal changes in hepatocyte metabolism in response to different treatment regimes. Changes in cell viability, media biochemistry, intracellular metabolism, lipid droplet morphology and gene expression were quantified.

Results: Huh7 cells had greater viability than PHH, while NEFA uptake and triglyceride secretion were similar. Both OPLA and POLA increased the proportion of large lipid droplets in Huh7 cells, whereas only OPLA produced comparable effects in PHH. Despite higher baseline TG in PHH, both models showed similar lipid composition, de novo lipogenic responses, and glycogen levels.

Compared to Huh7 cells PHH exhibited higher media 3-hydroxybutyrate, lower media lactate, reduced glucose uptake, and donor-dependent transcriptomic variability. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that Huh7 cells are metabolically adaptable and when cultured in physiologically relevant media metabolic readouts are more similar to those observed in PHH cells, thus making Huh7 a potentially useful workhorse model to investigate relevant pathways that may underpin the development of MASLD.