DNA methylation differences underlying female reproductive aging

There is considerable variability around when a woman reaches menopause, yet few contributing factors have been identified. Assessment of reproductive age involves measuring a woman’s ovarian reserve and oocyte function, which has clearly-defined parameters in in vitro fertilization.

As ovarian reserve declines, Anti-Mullerian hormone levels fall and women produce fewer oocytes after ovarian stimulation. Oocyte function also declines, as fewer mature oocytes are produced and have the capacity to be fertilized. The mechanisms of these age-related declines are unclear, but may involve changes in DNA methylation, which are known to occur with age and may reflect the biological processes underlying reproductive aging.