Printed instructions vs. augmented reality for DIY furniture assembly

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of AR tutorials compared to traditional printed manuals, with particular attention to the assembly process, user experience, and well-being. AR has been increasingly proposed as a tool to improve assembly processes by enhancing clarity, usability, and engagement.

A pilot experimental study was conducted in which participants assembled a furniture piece using either AR-based tutorials or printed instructions. Data collection included a questionnaire addressing clarity, usability, satisfaction, speed, safety, along with direct observations and assembly time measurements. Results showed that AR provided a generally more positive experience than printed instructions, particularly in terms of confidence and learning retention, although printed manuals produced a minor average assembly time.