Table 1_Application of 3D reconstruction combined with 3D printing and CBL + SP in teaching gynecologic malignant tumors.docx

Objective<p>The synergic effect of integrating diversified teaching methods [3D visualization technology [3D reconstruction and printing], case-based learning [CBL]. and standardized patients [SPs]] in the clinical teaching of gynecologic tumors was determined.</p>Methods<p>A case-control study design was proceeded in our hospital between September 2023 and March 2025 for clinical undergraduate interns and training physicians.

They were divided into two groups: CBL + SP teaching mode (n = 54); and CBL + SP + 3D teaching mode (n = 54). A theoretical exam and a self-designed subjective questionnaire survey were used for the quantitative evaluation of teaching effectiveness.</p>Results<p>The average score of the CBL + SP + 3D group in the theoretical exam was significantly higher than the CBL + SP group (P < 0.001). Students in the CBL + SP + 3D group performed significantly better than students in the CBL + SP group (P < 0.001)in the subjective grading: learning interest, classroom participation, self-learning capacity, comprehensive analytic capacity, clinical thinking capacity, effectiveness of visual teaching aids, and simulation of clinical consultation scenarios constructed using SP.