Supplementary file 1_iSTEAM and TLIF as frameworks for artistic and mathematical creativity: a comparative conceptual review.docx

At the same time, the two frameworks differ in pedagogical logic: iSTEAM broadens creativity through disciplinary integration, multimodal translation, design-based synthesis, and representational transfer, whereas TLIF primarily deepens creativity through questioning, investigation, conceptual refinement, and metacognitive regulation. The article also introduces the concept of the parallel characteristics of mathematical and artistic creativity, developed by analogy with the hexadic model of mathematical creativity and extended to artistic creation through eurhemic logic.

In doing so, it proposes a multidimensional comparative framework that brings mathematical and artistic creativity into a shared analytical structure while preserving their domain-specific constraints. The paper concludes that mathematical and artistic creativity are not oppositional forms of thinking but complementary expressions of a broader creative architecture, and that iSTEAM and TLIF should be understood as complementary yet distinct educational pathways for cultivating meaningful, disciplined, and innovative learning.</p>