Spatial transcriptome of pre-invasive lung adenocarcinoma

Based on these differences, we derived 23-gene and 59-gene signatures that stratified pre-invasive lesions into aggressive and non-aggressive groups. The aggressive signature was associated with worse prognosis supported by five stage-I LUAD cohorts.

Two aggressive signature genes, LPGAT1 and XPR1, were functionally validated to promote LUAD cell invasion. Compared to non-aggressive lesions, aggressive lesions exhibited higher tumor mutation burden, enrichment of proliferative and EMT-related pathways, and evidence of immune-stromal remodeling.