Supplementary Data for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Vector Proboscis Sensory Index (PSI), Human Blood Index (HBI), and Spatial Transmission Heterogeneity in Northern Nigeria

Synthesizing data from 42 independent field surveys across 126 georeferenced sites (N = 18,647 blood-fed female mosquitoes), we applied a multi-variable binomial Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) to test interactions between species-specific sensory organ densities, human population density, and livestock availability.

The analysis revealed an overall pooled Human Blood Index (HBI) of 0.642 and demonstrated that PSI is the primary biological driver of anthropophily (β = 0.89, aOR} = 2.44, p < 0.001), explaining 78% of field variance. While high-PSI species (Anopheles gambiae s.s.) maintained elevated human feeding despite abundant livestock, low-PSI species (Anopheles arabiensis, Culex quinquefasciatus) exhibited significant zooprophylactic diversion (ΔHBI = -0.71) in high-density cattle corridors (>150 heads/km²).