Glucose co treatment modulates caffeine inducedtTranscriptomic alternation during zebrafish development

Caffeine exposure induced significant developmental abnormalities, including pericardial edema, abnormal body curvature, delayed tail extension, and altered yolk sac morphology. Physiological analyses demonstrated altered hatch rate and heart rate in treatment groups compared to controls.

RNA-seq analysis revealed that caffeine exposure caused extensive transcriptomic disruption, including alterations in neuronal signaling, embryonic development, metabolism, mitochondrial activity, immune regulation, and protein turnover pathways. Glucose co-treatment partially reshaped caffeine-induced transcriptomic responses by reducing the magnitude of differential gene expression and modifying pathways associated with metabolism, extracellular organization, developmental signaling, and genome regulation.