Supplementary material

It classifies food items into 11 groups: grains (e.g., rice, yam, kenkey), vegetables (e.g., beans, leafy greens), fruits (e.g., mangoes, papayas), dairy (e.g., milk, yogurt), protein foods (e.g., meats, seafood, eggs), fats and oils, sweets and sugars, beverages (e.g., tea, sobolo, coffee), discretionary foods (e.g., pastries, fried snacks), mixed dishes (e.g., stews, soups), and condiments (e.g., shito, pepper sauce).Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to identify dietary patterns.

The scree plot was used to determine the number of components, and the structure matrix revealed two major dietary patterns:Energy-Dense Pattern: Characterized by high factor loadings for grains, dairy, sugars, and beverages.Nutrient-Rich Pattern: Includes mixed dishes, protein-rich foods, and fruits, indicating better nutrient diversity.Negative or minimal loadings were observed for condiments and discretionary foods, reflecting their limited contribution to the primary patterns.The analysis highlights the dual dietary emphasis on energy-dense and nutrient-rich foods, providing insights into women's nutritional behaviors.