Table 2_Transcriptomic evidence of an IFN-gamma-associated inflammatory state in active visceral leishmaniasis: an exploratory comparison with pediatric HLH.xlsx

Background<p>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) can progress to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), but transcriptomic similarities between active VL and pediatric HLH remain uncertain.</p>Methods<p>We integrated VL whole-blood expression data (GSE125992), sorted CD68-positive monocyte bulk-expression data from pediatric HLH and severe sepsis (GSE150707), and supportive Leishmania-infected mouse spleen single-cell data (GSE240385).

Differential expression, pathway enrichment, an exploratory 132-gene HLH-versus-sepsis-derived ssGSEA score, FARDEEP-LM22 deconvolution, signature-excluded WGCNA, CellChat, and a refitted three-gene classifier were evaluated.</p>Results<p>Active VL showed IFN-gamma-associated expression changes, including higher CXCL9 and CXCL10. The exploratory 132-gene score was higher in ActiveCase than EHC samples (Mann-Whitney P = 0.000637).