Individual-level genotype matrix of 10,021 SNPs from six geographically differentiated populations of <i>Labeo catla</i> for computational SNP-panel development

<p dir="ltr">This dataset contains the final analysis-ready individual-level genotype matrix used for computational development and evaluation of a reduced SNP panel for population assignment in <i>Labeo catla.</i></p><p dir="ltr">The matrix comprises 96 individuals representing six geographically differentiated populations of Labeo catla (CAU, KRN, GOD, MAH, BRM and GAN) and 10,021 SNP loci. The dataset was derived from the previously developed <i>Labeo catla </i>genome-wide SNP resource and was prepared for individual-level marker-selection and population-assignment analyses.</p><p dir="ltr">The genotype matrix was used for:<br>(i) population-discriminatory SNP prioritization based on allele-frequency differentiation;<br>(ii) machine-learning-based feature selection using Random Forest;<br>(iii) construction and comparison of reduced SNP panels;<br>(iv) cross-validated individual population assignment;<br>(v) population-specific performance evaluation using accuracy, balanced accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score; and<br>(vi) targeted optimization of markers for populations showing comparatively poorer assignment performance.</p><p dir="ltr">The dataset is provided to facilitate reproducibility of the computational SNP-panel analysis and subsequent independent validation or targeted assay development.</p><p dir="ltr">The dataset is intended for research use and should be interpreted in conjunction with the associated manuscript describing the computational SNP-panel development workflow.</p>