Data Sheet 1_Season-adjusted longitudinal changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D during pegylated interferon add-on to ongoing tenofovir alafenamide therapy in chronic hepatitis B: a real-world cohort study.docx

The adjusted total serum calcium trend was −0.061 mmol/L (95% CI, −0.074 to −0.049). Triglycerides increased while cholesterol fractions decreased. At week 48, 104/190 patients (54.7%) had an HBsAg decline of at least 1 log10 and 50/190 (26.3%) had visit-specific HBsAg loss.

The concurrent 48-week change correlation was weak (ρ = 0.150; FDR-adjusted P = 0.117), and the magnitude of 25(OH)D decline was not independently associated with either binary endpoint. Within patients, each 10 nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D was associated with a 0.068-log10 IU/mL increase in concurrent HBsAg (95% CI, 0.020 to 0.116; P = 0.006).</p>Conclusions<p>Serum 25(OH)D showed a non-linear decline during 48 weeks of follow-up, and the week-48 difference remained evident after adjustment for seasonality.

However, without a concurrent comparator, the observed change cannot be attributed specifically to Peg-IFN, TAF, or their combination. Exploratory analyses suggested only a weak concurrent relationship between 25(OH)D and HBsAg, without evidence of prediction or causality. The clinical relevance of the observed changes in 25(OH)D and total serum calcium warrants further prospective investigation.</p>