Deciphering molecular responses to radiofrequency microneedling in a 3D human skin model: New insights and modulation by aftercare treatment

However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its biological effects especially in comparison to medical microneedling remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate, for the first time, the molecular and histological responses to RFMN using a standardized three-dimensional (3D) human skin model.

As a secondary objective, we assessed the modulatory effects of RFMN aftercare treatment with a dexpanthenol-containing ointment.Histological analysis of RFMN-treated 3D skin models showed dermal coagulation zones that disappeared after post-treatment with a dexpanthenol-containing ointment. Transcriptomic profiling 48 hours after RFMN showed an early pro-inflammatory response with upregulated chemokines and cytokines (e.g., CCL7, CXCL2, IL24) and downregulated matrix metalloproteinases and barrier genes, indicating controlled inflammation and skin renewal initiation.