Transcriptomic and phenotypic data from patient-derived astrocytes in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease

While familial AD (fAD) has been linked to defined genetic mutations, sporadic AD (sAD)—the predominant and more heterogeneous form—lacks clear causative mechanisms. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer a powerful platform for modelling sAD by enabling the generation of patient-specific neural cell types under controlled conditions.

In this dataset, we present a detailed characterisation of hiPSC-derived astrocytes from individuals with clinically diagnosed sAD and age-matched healthy controls. Cells were exposed to either aggregated amyloid-beta (Aβ) or hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to mimic disease-relevant stressors associated with proteotoxicity and oxidative damage. We report (1) genome-wide transcriptional responses assessed by bulk RNA sequencing, (2) IL-6 cytokine secretion as a marker of inflammatory activation, and (3) phenotypic outcomes, including morphological alterations and cell viability.