Table 1_Cerebrospinal fluid metabolite alterations associated with human brain aging: an untargeted metabolomics study.docx

Raw data are normalized and subjected to the subsequent analysis by R package (ropls). Differentially accumulated metabolites with a variable importance in projection greater than 1.0 are validated by Student's t-test.</p>Results<p>A total of 1,041 metabolic features are obtained, and 33 differentially accumulated metabolites are identified from the control and aging groups. The instrument analysis system is tested to show a good stability, and acquired data are verified to be stable and reliable.

The top three enriched chemical classifications of metabolites are lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, and organoheterocyclic compounds. Next, differentially accumulated metabolites are analysed under both patterns. Nepodin, Fa 18:2 + 1o, and L-threonate are significantly downregulated, and chlorophene, resorcinol, and isethionate are upregulated in the aging group compared to controls under the negative ion pattern.

Notably, creatine, sarcosine, and N-stearoylsphinganine are upregulated in the positive ion pattern. Regulation of differentially accumulated metabolites is revealed. These differential metabolites are potentially involved in some overlapping pathways, including ABC transporters, protein digestion and absorption, and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism.</p>Conclusions<p>This untargeted metabolomics study identified age-associated differences in CSF metabolites, with enrichment in potential pathways such as ABC transporters and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism.

These preliminary findings require confirmation in larger, independently validated cohorts.</p>