Table · dataset · 2026
Supplementary file 4_From toddler to school age: longitudinal motor and cognitive outcomes in children with critical congenital heart disease.docx
Listed in figshare and Loughborough Research Repository — shown once because both records carry DOI 10.3389/fped.2026.1943055.s002
Background<p>Despite improved survival, children with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) face motor, cognitive, and executive functioning (EF) deficits.
Description
This can negatively impact their quality of life, yet longitudinal data on these domains and their interrelationships, remain scarce.</p>Methods<p>In this longitudinal cohort study, 29 children with CCHD were assessed at 2 years, of whom 27 children were reassessed at 5 years, and 25 children at 8 years.
Age-appropriate standardized instruments were used. Associations were examined using Spearman correlations, with Bonferroni-Holm correction for multiple comparisons.</p>Results<p>Large correlations emerged between the cognition score at 2 years and the total intelligence quotient (IQ) score at 8 years (r = .70, p < .001), and between the total IQ score at 5 years and the total IQ score at 8 years (r = 0.82, p < .001). Cognition scores did not differ from normative means.
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No significant correlations were found between the motor outcomes at the 3 timepoints. The total motor score at age 5 (M = 6.6, SD = 2.5), and at age 8 (M = 43.6, SD = 7.6) were significantly lower compared to normative means. A substantial proportion of children scored below the 25th percentile on EFs auditory attention (42%; M = 10.2, SD = 3.5) and shifting (35%; M = 11.2, SD = 2.6).
Longitudinal cluster analyses revealed a steady low and steady high cluster in both motor and cognitive development with lower birth weight as a risk factor for cognitive impairments.</p>Conclusion<p>Two subgroups emerged with a relatively low, and a relatively high motor and cognitive performance group despite fluctuations in absolute test scores, with lower birthweight forming a risk factor for cognitive impairments.
Overall, children showed impaired motor development compared to the normative means. Larger studies are needed to examine the interplay between motor, cognition, and EF development.</p>
Links
Where it is published
- DOI doi.org/10.3389/fped.2026.1943055.s002 ↗
DOI / persistent id · from figshare com
Catalogue records · 1
- OAI-PMH record api.figshare.com/v2/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai%3Af… ↗
metadata API · from figshare com
Topics
- From keywords
- Astronomy & Astrophysics · Chemistry · Chemistry · Computer Science & AI · Computer Science & AI · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Economics & Finance · Economics & Finance · Engineering · Engineering · Foetal development and medicine · Foetal development and medicine · Humanities · Humanities · Life Sciences · Life Sciences · Materials Science · Mathematics & Statistics · Medicine & Health · Medicine & Health · Ocean & Atmospheric Science · Psychology & Behavioral Science · Psychology & Behavioral Science · Social Science · Social Science
- Inferred from text
- Cardiovascular disease 65% · Disease 75% · Heart 75% · Longitudinal study 65%
Provenance · 2 source records, 35 field assertions
| Source | Key | Last seen | Raw |
|---|---|---|---|
| figshare | oai:figshare.com:article/33971149 | 7 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Loughborough Research Repository | oai:figshare.com:article/33971149 | 7 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Field | Assertion | Extractor | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| access_level | source · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[anatomy].local:anatomy:heart | enrichment · figshare com | keyword-concept-rules@1.0.0 | title+description (75%) |
| concepts[disease].local:disease:cardiovascular-disease | enrichment · figshare com | keyword-concept-rules@1.0.0 | title+description (65%) |
| concepts[disease].local:disease:disease | enrichment · figshare com | keyword-concept-rules@1.0.0 | title+description (75%) |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:321501 | mapping · figshare com | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Foetal Development and Medicine'] |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:field:321501 | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['Foetal Development and Medicine'] |
| concepts[field].local:field:astronomy | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:chemistry | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:chemistry | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:computer-science-ai | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:computer-science-ai | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:economics-finance | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:economics-finance | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:engineering | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:engineering | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:humanities | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:humanities | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:life-sciences | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:life-sciences | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:materials-science | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:mathematics-statistics | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:medicine-health | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:medicine-health | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:ocean-atmospheric | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:psychology-behavioral | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:psychology-behavioral | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[method].local:method:longitudinal-study | enrichment · figshare com | keyword-concept-rules@1.0.0 | title+description (65%) |
| description | source · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/description |
| license | source · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/rights |
| publication_date | source · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| title | source · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/title |