Table 1_Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with anti-VEGF/TKIs and TACE in uHCC: a meta-analysis.docx

Patients receiving triple therapy may derive greater OS (HR = 0.47, p<0.001) and PFS (HR = 0.52, p<0.001) benefits than those receiving other regimens. In OS subgroups, across various combinations, the TACE-bevacizumab-atezolizumab (HR = 0.44, p<0.001) and TACE-lenvatinib-tislelizumab regimens (HR = 0.44, p<0.001) appear to derive greater benefit. In contrast, the TACE-lenvatinib-pembrolizumab combination appears to show less benefit (HR = 0.67, p<0.001).

Additionally, patients could potentially carry greater OS benefit with triple therapy, regardless of whether TACE was performed first (HR = 0.46, p<0.001) or systemic therapy was followed by TACE (HR = 0.42, p=0.001). Regarding treatment setting, the first-line group may obtain greater OS benefit (HR = 0.47, p<0.001), and the non-first-line group may also derive greater benefit (HR = 0.34, p=0.001).</p>Conclusion<p>Triple therapy (TACE with anti-VEGF/TKIs and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) could significantly improve prognosis in uHCC, and its efficacy may vary depending on the treatment regimen, including the drug combination, treatment sequence, and lines.</p>Systematic Review Registration<p>crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251151703, identifier CRD420251151703.</p>