Supplementary file 1_Clinical and inflammatory changes following routine scaling and root planing in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes: a prospective observational cohort study.docx

BI remained higher in the diabetes-associated periodontitis group than in the non-diabetic periodontitis group (P = 0.039). Gingival crevicular fluid TNF-α decreased significantly in both groups (P < 0.001) but remained higher in the diabetes-associated periodontitis group at 3 months (P < 0.001). IL-1β did not change significantly in either group.

IL-10 increased significantly in the non-diabetic periodontitis group (P < 0.05), whereas the increase in the diabetes-associated periodontitis group was not significant. NLR and SII decreased significantly in both groups, with no significant between-group differences at baseline, 3 months, or in the magnitude of change. In participants with diabetes, HbA1c showed a non-significant numerical decrease from 8.37 ± 1.03% to 8.07 ± 1.06% (P = 0.081).</p>Conclusion<p>Among patients receiving routine SRP, periodontal clinical parameters and selected inflammatory markers improved over the 3-month follow-up in both groups.

Participants with diabetes had higher residual local inflammation at 3 months, reflected by higher BI and gingival crevicular fluid TNF-α levels, whereas no significant between-group differences in changes in blood-derived inflammatory indices were detected. HbA1c decreased numerically but not significantly; therefore, no conclusion regarding improved glycemic control can be drawn.</p>