Omics · study · 2026
Single-cell atlas of rhesus monkey testis reveals aging- and season-dependent regulation of spermatogenesis and microenvironment homeostasis [RNA-Seq]
Listed in NCBI GEO
Spermatogenesis is a highly orchestrated process that depends on precise coordination between germ cells and the testicular microenvironment.
Description
However, how aging and seasonal shifts jointly regulate this process in nonhuman primates remains largely unexplored. Here, we generated a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the rhesus monkey testis across different ages and reproductive seasons.
Our analyses reveal that Sertoli cells actively regulate the blood–testis barrier (BTB) by dynamically remodeling tight and adherens junctions, thereby mediating seasonal fluctuations in meiotic germ cells. We further identified a previously uncharacterized SSC subpopulation (U3) enriched in the non-breeding season, defined by PDGF pathway activation. By integrating this pathway into a three-dimensional collagen–PDGF scaffold, we successfully established an in vitro rhesus SSC culture system with enhanced clonogenicity and long-term propagation.
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In parallel, testicular immunosenescence emerged as a key determinant of age-related reproductive decline. We provide the first evidence that double-negative T cells (DNTs) markedly accumulate in aged testes, while pro-inflammatory macrophages (Mφ_SPAG16, M1-like) aberrantly expand during the non-breeding season, together disrupting immune homeostasis and niche support. Collectively, this study delineates the age- and season-dependent regulation of spermatogenesis in rhesus monkeys by integrating Sertoli–BTB dynamics, SSC niche signaling, and immune remodeling, thereby providing new mechanistic insights into testicular aging and reproductive homeostasis. experimental design：Following the manufacturer's protocol, cells were isolated from rhesus monkey testicular tissue for single-cell RNA sequencing, with results validated via immunocytochemistry and qPCR.
Links
Get the data
- GEO FTP directory ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE306nnn/GSE306702 ↗
download · from NCBI GEO
Where it is published
- GEO accession page ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE306702 ↗
landing page · from NCBI GEO
Documentation and papers
- PRJNA1311842 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA1311842 ↗
project · from NCBI GEO
- PubMed 42524559 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42524559 ↗
publication · from NCBI GEO
Topics
- Stated by source
- Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing · Macaca mulatta
- From keywords
- Life Sciences
- Inferred from text
- RNA sequencing 75% · Sequencing 75% · Single-cell RNA sequencing 75%
Provenance · 1 source records, 10 field assertions
| Source | Key | Last seen | Raw |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCBI GEO | GSE306702 | 11 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Field | Assertion | Extractor | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| access_level | source · NCBI GEO | connector:ncbi_geo@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:life-sciences | mapping · NCBI GEO | connector:ncbi_geo@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[method].geo_series_type:expression-profiling-by-high-throughput-sequencing | source · NCBI GEO | connector:ncbi_geo@1.0.0 | /gdstype |
| concepts[modality].local:modality:rna-seq | enrichment · NCBI GEO | keyword-concept-rules@1.0.0 | title+description (75%) |
| concepts[modality].local:modality:sequencing | enrichment · NCBI GEO | keyword-concept-rules@1.0.0 | title+description (75%) |
| concepts[modality].local:modality:single-cell-rna-seq | enrichment · NCBI GEO | keyword-concept-rules@1.0.0 | title+description (75%) |
| concepts[organism].NCBITaxon:9544 | source · NCBI GEO | connector:ncbi_geo@1.0.0 | /taxon |
| description | source · NCBI GEO | connector:ncbi_geo@1.0.0 | /summary |
| publication_date | source · NCBI GEO | connector:ncbi_geo@1.0.0 | |
| title | source · NCBI GEO | connector:ncbi_geo@1.0.0 | /title |