<b>Internationalization of higher education in South Korea: trends, transformations, and emerging challenges</b>

Four major themes characterize its development: international student mobility and experience; policy, governance, and globalization; English-medium instruction and language; and universities, research, and global standing. The findings further indicate a shift from an emphasis on international recruitment, institutional visibility, and global competitiveness toward greater attention to student and faculty experiences, language, intercultural integration, and the quality and sustainability of internationalization.

Despite substantial expansion, persistent challenges include structural inequality and institutional hierarchy, language barriers, limited intercultural integration, and tensions between quantitative indicators of internationalization and meaningful institutional transformation. The study suggests that the next phase of internationalization in South Korean higher education requires greater attention to inclusion, integration, and sustainability, alongside international mobility and global competitiveness</p>