Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies a unique population of macrophages in the Aristolochic acid I (AAI)-induced AKI-to-CKD transition murine model

The transition from AKI to CKD is driven by complex cellular mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. In this study, we used an Aristolochic Acid I (AAI)-induced murine model to investigate these mechanisms, performing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to comprehensively profile kidney immune cells during the AKI to CKD transition.

Our analysis revealed significant changes in immune cell populations, particularly macrophages and T lymphocytes. We identified a novel subpopulation of macrophages characterized by the expression of Ctsk, Mmp9, and Acp5, which emerged during the CKD phase. These macrophages were found to interact with T cells, injured proximal tubules, and fibroblasts, suggesting their involvement in chronic inflammation and fibrosis.