Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the human temporomandibular joint condyle

However, the insufficient understanding of its developmental processes has impeded progress in developing targeted therapies for temporomandibular joint and mandibular developmental disorders. In this study, we present a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of human developmental TMJC, covering 5 embryonic stages from 12 to 25 gestational weeks.

Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified 20 primary cell types. Trajectory analysis using Monocle3 identified two significant developmental trajectories: mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into chondrocytes and osteoblasts, and hematopoietic stem cells differentiating into immune cells.